Visual representation of key differences between Primary Cells vs Cell Lines. Primary cells are isolated directly from the target tissue and share close physiological characteristics, chromosomal number, and genetic makeup with the native tissue. In contrast, cell lines are manually transformed primary cells that have lost their cellular senescence and have an indefinite life span. Cell lines are more likely to get mutated with multiple passages and thus might not replicate distinct physiological conditions. Understanding the key differences enables researchers to choose adequate models for research. For example: Primary cells (translational studies); Cell lines (Large-scale vaccine or protein production)
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